Cardamom Extract Shows Antiviral Potential Against Viruses

Research from **Shinshu University** in Japan has revealed that an extract from cardamom seeds may enhance the body’s natural defenses against viral infections. This study indicates that specific compounds within cardamom could trigger the production of **type I interferons (IFNs)**, proteins that play a critical role in the immune response to viruses such as influenza.

The research team, led by **Takeshi Kawahara**, an Associate Professor at the university’s School of Science and Technology, focused on how cardamom extract can stimulate antiviral mechanisms. They discovered that **cardamom seeds** contain compounds that significantly increase the levels of IFN-α and IFN-β, essential molecules that help combat viral infections.

### Mechanisms of Action

To conduct the study, researchers utilized human lung epithelial cells, which are vital for defending against respiratory viruses. They prepared a **hot-water extract of cardamom seeds (CSWE)** and analyzed its chemical components. Notably, they identified **1,8-cineole**, also known as eucalyptol, as a major active compound. This substance possesses various beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.

The team treated lung cells with CSWE and its primary compound, 1,8-cineole, before exposing them to synthetic molecules that mimic viral DNA and RNA. Results showed that CSWE significantly boosted the production of IFNs, enhancing the expression of **interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)** that inhibit viral replication. This response appeared effective against both DNA and RNA viruses, suggesting a broad antiviral potential.

Interestingly, the effects of 1,8-cineole were found to be dose-dependent, indicating that higher concentrations lead to greater antiviral activity. Moreover, the compound activated immune responses even in the absence of viral simulation, suggesting its capacity to prepare cells against potential infections.

### Safety and Future Implications

A significant aspect of this research is that CSWE did not trigger inflammatory pathways that could cause tissue damage. This characteristic positions cardamom extract as a promising candidate for strengthening antiviral defenses without adverse effects.

Despite these encouraging findings, the study does have limitations. All experiments were conducted in lab-grown cells, which may not accurately reflect how the extract would perform in humans or animals. Additionally, the concentrations used in the study might exceed typical dietary intake levels from consuming cardamom.

The research was funded by **S&B Foods Inc.**, which provided the cardamom for the study. Should further studies validate these findings in human subjects, cardamom extract or 1,8-cineole could potentially be developed as a natural supplement to support immune health or serve as an adjunct therapy alongside vaccines and antiviral medications.

Kawahara expressed optimism about the implications of this research: “Cardamom has historically been widely used as a spice with medicinal properties, but based on these findings, it is expected that it can be utilized as an antiviral material to prevent a wide range of viral infections.”

While this research opens new avenues for exploring the antiviral properties of food, it is crucial to note that further investigation is necessary before any recommendations can be made regarding cardamom as a treatment option. For the time being, cardamom tea should not be viewed as a substitute for vaccines or established antiviral therapies.

The complete study was published in the journal **Foods**, contributing to the growing body of research examining the health benefits of various food ingredients.