Martin Fowler Declares Software Engineering in ‘Depression’—Urgent Advice for Juniors

UPDATE: Renowned software developer Martin Fowler has issued a stark warning that the software engineering field is experiencing a “depression” due to a significant decline in investment. Speaking on the November 19, 2025, episode of “The Pragmatic Engineer” podcast, Fowler highlighted the urgent challenges facing junior developers amid widespread layoffs and an uncertain economic environment.

As tech companies have executed approximately 114,000 layoffs in 2025 alone, a sharp increase compared to 153,000 layoffs for the entirety of 2024, Fowler emphasized the critical impact of these job cuts on the industry. “While businesses aren’t investing, it’s hard to make much progress in the software world,” he stated. This decline in investment is coupled with what he describes as an “AI bubble,” which, while rapidly growing, is creating a dissonance within the software industry.

Fowler’s insights come at a time when major tech players are reassessing their workforce, leaving junior engineers—often the most vulnerable in such tumultuous times—facing significant uncertainty. He cautioned that the unpredictability of the AI bubble poses unique challenges for newcomers in the field. “You never know how big they’re going to grow, how long it will take before they pop, and what comes next,” he warned.

For junior engineers seeking to navigate this volatile landscape, Fowler offered vital advice: actively seek mentorship from experienced developers. He remarked that a good mentor is “worth their weight in gold,” providing essential guidance in an era where AI tools are becoming more prevalent. While he encourages new developers to leverage AI in their coding practices, he stressed the importance of discernment in evaluating the outputs generated by large language models (LLMs).

Despite the current challenges, Fowler remains optimistic about the potential for aspiring software engineers. He reassured them that “there’s plenty of potential in the future” as the core skills required for software development remain unchanged. His confidence stems from a belief that while AI will transform aspects of the field, it will not eliminate the need for skilled developers.

As the software industry grapples with these pressing issues, Fowler’s advice resonates deeply with those starting their careers. The urgency of his message is clear: junior engineers must adapt, seek guidance, and stay resilient in the face of uncertainty.

The landscape of software engineering is shifting rapidly, and with it, the opportunities for new talent are evolving. As the industry continues to face challenges, the focus on mentorship and skill development will be crucial for the next generation of developers.

Stay tuned for updates on this developing story as the software industry navigates these turbulent times.